Solar cells

Solar cells consist of light-sensitive semiconductor diodes, usually based on the material silicon, which have the ability to convert sunlight into electricity. The effectiveness of solar cells depends on the lighting conditions. The more direct sunlight the solar cells receive, the more electricity is generated. Solar cells are a sustainable and renewable energy source that has become increasingly popular in recent years.

What is a solar panel?

When multiple solar cells are connected together, it is called a solar panel. Solar cells are often connected in series to increase the total power production.

How does a solar cell work?

A solar cell operates in the following way:

1. Absorption of sunlight

Solar cells are typically made of the semiconductor material silicon. When sunlight hits the solar cell, photons (light particles) are absorbed by the silicon.

2. Release of electrons

Energy from sunlight provides enough power to release electrons from the atoms in the silicon through the photovoltaic effect.

3. Movement of electrons

The released electrons then move through the silicon structure, creating electric current (direct current). This current flows through wires in the solar cell.

4. Conversion to alternating current

In most cases, the current needs to be converted to alternating current to be compatible with the electrical grid. This is done using an inverter.

5. Transmission of electricity

The generated electricity can now be used for various purposes, such as powering electrical appliances or stored in batteries for later use.